Smallholder goat and sheep farming forms a crucial part of rural livelihoods in India, providing income, nutrition and employment to millions. However, the increasing impacts of global warming pose significant economic challenges to these farmers. Changes in temperature, rainfall patterns and the frequency of extreme weather events affect animal health, productivity and resource availability, which in turn influence the economic stability of smallholder livestock households.

Small livestock farming is a vital source of livelihood for millions of rural households in India. However, climate change poses increasing risks to this sector through erratic rainfall, temperature extremes and emerging diseases. Building climate resilience—an ability to anticipate, prepare for and recover from climatic shocks—is essential to sustain small livestock farming. Community-based approaches offer a promising pathway to enhance resilience by leveraging local knowle