Climate change is increasingly affecting livestock farming across India, especially for smallholder farmers dependent on goats and sheep for income, nutrition and livelihood security. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, prolonged droughts, humidity fluctuations and extreme weather events are creating new challenges in animal management. Among the most critical adaptation measures is the development of climate-resilient livestock shelters that protect animals from heat stre

Integrated Duck–Paddy Farming is emerging as an effective ecological model that enhances rice productivity while improving soil health. Among its many benefits, the practice of allowing ducks to graze in paddy fields plays a significant role in increasing grain yield and boosting soil microbial activity, which are essential for sustainable rice production. This article explores the scientific and practical impacts of duck grazing on both crop performance and soil ecology. I