In rural livestock systems, health challenges such as parasitic infestations, skin infections and digestive disorders are common—especially in goats and sheep. Traditionally, these are treated with synthetic antibiotics, dewormers and chemical-based solutions. However, the overuse of antibiotics in livestock has led to drug resistance , residue issues in milk and meat increased costs for smallholder farmers. In this context, Neem (Azadirachta indica) —known as the "village p

As India faces more frequent heatwaves and extended dry seasons, the impact on small livestock—especially goats—has become increasingly evident. Goats are known for their resilience in arid and semi-arid regions, but rising temperatures and water scarcity are putting even the hardiest breeds under stress. Understanding and managing the water requirements of goats is no longer optional—it’s essential for productivity, health and survival. Why Heat Matters for Goat Hydration

Goat farming is a vital source of income, nutrition and livelihood for millions of rural households globally. However, one of the major challenges faced by most goat farmers is high morbidity (illness) and mortality (death) rate among their animals. These losses can devastate small-scale farmers by reducing productivity, increasing costs and threatening food security. Fortunately, many of these problems are preventable by adopting improved management techniques , farmers can